Native Americans Longhouse Essay - 1061 Words

Native Americans Longhouse One of the most important structures to the Native American tribes of Western New York is the longhouse. This structure built only of wood. These structures allowed for these people to stay warm throughout winters that could be as harsh as any we have seen. The masterly crafted houses provided warmth in the winter and in the summers allowed for the air to flow through and keep the house cool. Without these houses, the tribes of New York would not have survived. The Iroquois tribe was part of an alliance with five other tribes throughout New York that banded together against enemies, talked about land, and traded with each other. These peaceful people operated in a democracy, one†¦show more content†¦The longhouse, much like the village, offered the inhabitants a sense of unity. The longhouse was built for multiple families not just for one. These houses are monstrous. Almost all of the houses are 20 feet high and 20 feet wide, the only differences are the length which varied. The houses were then divided up into sections which allowed for multiple families to live there. Normally, each family had a 20 by 20 by 20 areas to use as their own. However, normally the center of the house was a common area which was used for fire and for everything else in the house. The structure of these houses is extremely sturdy. The Native Americans did the building of these houses in the spring when the wood was still flexible. This allowed for them to shape the wood into an arch like shape and bend it over the top. By bending the wood, then placing some kind of roof on top, the water would run off better and the smoke would escape quicker. Wooden posts were inserted into the ground and served as the framework of the house. By placing these into the ground, it assured that they wouldn’t be moving or bending. Posts were inserted very systematically to provide the structural stability, as well as separate the inside compartments from each other. These posts had horizontal posts which were lashed to them which provided support from the outside if you tried it getShow MoreRelatedThe Native American Iroquois Communities Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesserving more than 400 students. Out of this student population, 85% of students are economica lly disadvantaged. The school also serves students with disabilities (31%) and English language learners (6%). The dominating ethnicities are Black or African American (51%) and Hispanic or Latino (40%). This is an ICT fourth grade classroom with around 25 students between the ages of eight through ten. There are two teachers in the classroom, one specializes in special-education and the other in elementary-educationRead MoreHow Did The American House Changed Over Time?1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of American housing is vast and in some areas complex, the Native Americans lived in harmony with the land and saw it as an extension of themselves and used it to their advantage when building shelter. Early settlers in the plains had to become resourceful in how they constructed their shelters. The industrial revolution gave raise to better, faster and more consistent materials. Mass influx of veterans coming home after World War II and a housing shortage brought a need for mor e housingRead MoreThe True Story Of Pocahontas By Angela L757 Words   |  4 PagesShould white people go back to Europe, and give Indians [Native Americans] their land back? asks shawnhooper online. I don’t know why we had to ask—possibly to get people to answer, opening their eyes?—but s/he should know that the answer is: YES! Read ‘The True Story of Pocahontas’ by Angela L. Daniel and Dr. Linwood Custalow and your eyes may be opened to the sadness of the world, the cruelty Native American Indian tribes have faced, the unfairness the European heart hasn’t noticed; why don’tRead MoreHistory Of American Indian Education By Karen G. Swisher And John W. Tippeconnic IIi920 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of American Indian Education. The chapter was about the colonial education and stereotypical beliefs about the culture and capability of Native Americans. I noticed the words natural and true showed up quite often, natural to me means not human made and true meaning the truth with facts. It was stated that there are four tenets of colonial education (the reculturing and reeducation of American Indians by the secular and religious institutions of colonizing nations). 1. Native Americans were savagesRead MoreNative Americans : A Diverse And Multicultural Group Of People911 Words   |   4 PagesParillo’s primary argument in chapter 2 is that â€Å"Aboriginal Americans† or Native Americans were a very diverse and multicultural group of people. Parillo argues against stereotypical generalizations, like for example that all Native Americans were primitive savages who were warriors on horseback and lived in tipis. 2) Parillo’s main method of supporting his argument is by providing examples of how diverse and complex Native Americans were in language, gender roles, division of labor, clothingRead MoreNative American And American Literature Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesonly one memory of ever having read anything Native American, and that was in grade school. Native American literature is typically left out of studies in general American Literature, although there do exist plenty of programs for studying these types of narratives separately and individually. It has yet to become a prominent area of study and there a differing reasons as to why this is. Part of the lack of study in this subject in connection with American Literature is for cultural concerns aboutRead MoreHaudenosaunee Iroquois Case Study925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Haudenosaunee Iroquois): A Northeastern Case Study The Haudenosaunee is one of the best known Native American Indian groups that lived in the northern New York region. They are referred to as the Iroquoians. They are a group of five allied nations – the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida and Mohawk. Their league of confederation is called the â€Å"League of Iroquois†. Tuscarora, a sixth nation joined them later. They were very strong militarily and feared by Europeans and fellow Indians alike. TheRead MoreThe Mitchell Museum Of The American Indian Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mitchell Museum of the American Indian is located at 3001 Central Street in Evanston, Illinois. The museum’s main purpose is not only to educate the public about American Indians, but also to â€Å"deconstruct stereotypes† and give tribal members something along the lines of a safe place where they are welcome to embrace their ethnicity. One factor that showcases the information I previously stated is the fact that tribal member s have free admission into the museum. Another way the museum salutesRead MoreColonial Survival, Prosperity, and Entitlement in the New World1450 Words   |  6 Pagesand long-term impact on the native cultures and provided the Europeans with justification for the position of power of which they grabbed hold. The Europeans, however, owe the Native Americans a great debt of gratitude: without the Native Americans, Europeans would have either starved or left for lack of purpose and would not have developed any sort of economy – particularly one predicated in the contributions of their inferiors. The attempt to homogenize Native Americans as a single people or cultureRead MoreThe Battle Of The Settlers By John Smith1474 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieved was best for the colony. In a desperate effort to save the settlers, Smith made a courageous attempt to trade with the local Native Americans for food. On December 10, 1607, Smith and a small group of men sailed up the James River only to be attacked by a Native American tribe when they entered the forest. In the short, bloody battle, two Native American warriors were killed as well as the colonial explorers. Smith was captured and taken as prisoner to chief Powhatan. â€Å"†¦a large stone was

Analysis Of Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene - 1605 Words

This assignment will discuss the variation of the magnitude of the public issues that may be interpreted as psychological issues that are related to Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene using the passage from Book II, canto xii. This will relate to some of the separate Books virtues and will include discussion of the critical resources Harold Skulsky, â€Å"Spensers Despair Episode and the Theology of Doubt.† and Frederic Ives Carpenter, â€Å"Spensers Cave of Despair.† The deeper meanings and and virtues within the six books of The Faerie Queene, however, are a matter of interpretation and therefore tend to lead to differing results from any given critic. It is important to state that Spenser has written The Faerie Queene an allegory, which is a†¦show more content†¦Book 1 represents the very public and personal virtue of holiness In summary of canto ix Arthur, travelling with Redcrosse and Una tells them of his quest for the Faerie Queene. Two knights swear their allegiance to each other, Queene and Country. Redcrosse and Una come across a second knight who has just met with the creature Despair. Redcrosse announces his plan to battle Despair. He continues on to find his cave, corpse-littered, dank and gloomy, as such written, it appears to describe the state of ones mind whilst in despair, Redcrosse discovers the creature which has just finished killing his latest victim. Despair deviously manipulates Redcrosse in believing that he should end his own life now rather than continuing to consume his life with sin. Una prevents Redcrosse from stabbing himself and must take him away to resume his strength and faith. Redcrosse Knight represents holiness and England, he will, in fact, be revealed to be the significant St George. This stanza begins to illustrate how one’s mind can be altered from a strong sta te such as Redcrosse’s upon entry to cave to one of confusion and psychological damage that the character is in upon exit. Showing the interpretation of inward psychological problems as Danson Brown suggests. There are numerous examples of both psychological and publicShow MoreRelatedLife During The Renaissance Era997 Words   |  4 Pagesideologies. As different kings and queens came into power, many were forced to change ideologies simply based on the beliefs of these monarchs. During this time, literature was used as a way to protest these ideologies. The works of Edmund Spenser, author of The Faerie Queene, Sir Thomas More, author of Utopia, the records of Anne Askew’s burning, From the First Examination of Anne Askew and John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments, provide insight into the political climate of spiritual reform in the renaissance

Turning of the Tides Essay Example For Students

Turning of the Tides Essay How dare you accuse me of such a thing? Why, I cant even think of doing anything so horrid let alone act upon such thoughts!I knew she was lying. She had this trademark way of stuttering on the ends of her sentences when she lied as if she were reviewing in her mind what had just been said to make sure she was being consistent. I caught it though. I catch it every time. I eased into my questioning: Then where were you last night?You know damn well I was with Kathy the entire evening. She came to the house. We drove off together. You even waved to us from the living room window while we pulled out of the driveway! Or have you forgotten about that already? Simple memories such as these should not be so hard to recall. Do you know what its like for me to try and argue with someone who has to have events not 24 hours old repeated constantly?That was another thing she did whenever she lied. She attempted to shift the blame. But she wasnt satisfied with just shifting it; she had to twist it and rearrange it until the blame was situated on me for something that had absolutely nothing to do with the initial argument. It was as if she thought she could confuse me into believing the whole thing was my fault. As if I would suddenly feel guilty for her trivial, self proclaimed plight. However, oftentimes this plan of hers would actually work. That was probably why she was still using it now. The only reason I would ever concede to such a weak tactic, though, was to put an end to the relentless banter that would otherwise run endlessly into the night without resolve. But this time the severity of the situation would not be compromised. I moved onto my next question: Then refresh my memory once again, if you would. Why is it that when I called Kathys last night you werent there?But I was there. Kathy told you I had just stepped into the washroom for a minute.Then why werent you there when I called ten minutes later?No one was there! When I was finished in the washroom Kathy rushed me out the door to eat at some new restaurant shed been dying to take me too all month. Really? What was the name of this new restaurant?What is with you tonight? I feel as though I am under interrogation by my own husband! A woman should not have to feel threatened in her own home. I thought we trusted one another, and here you are violating our trust with all of these far-fetched accusations!Ah, she speaks of trust! So often has the issue of trust served as a red light in many of our arguments. As a man dedicated to uphold the vows he spoke of on the day of his wedding I was never one to push a conversation any further when she spoke of trust. But I am more prepared for this argument than she could ever imagine. She has desecrated our martial creed and I believe I am entitled to forgo our covenant of trust just this once. So I continue: I am violating our trust? The future of our marriage is on the line here and you expect me to stop questioning simply because you mention that word? My trust in you is somewhat lacking at the moment and the only way to redeem my trust is to answer my questions. Surely I deserve some answers.I just dont see how you can question the integrity of our marriage based on two phone calls you made last night where you couldnt get a hold of me! There have been many times where you have called me before and were unable to reach me. You never questioned me then. Why now?Think of it as the straw that broke the camels back. There have been many more incidents concerning your absence where I have thought about it; where I have pondered the horrible reality that might be. But it wasnt until last night that Ive found myself to be more certain than ever.Listen, last night Kathy and I went to Paceys on Twelfth Street across from the Starlight Room. Kathy had some exotic dish that I coul dnt even begin to pronounce. I wasnt all that hungry and ordered only a salad. We both drank from a bottle of Chardonnay but naturally Kathy didnt drink much because she was driving. At around eight thirty we left and she dropped me off here. Satisfied?Well now that you have had the time to think about it, Im sure what youve told me is true.You are absolutely incorrigible tonight. How do you expect to have a mature conversation about this when you start using snide remarks like that? I dont need to hear of this any longer. Its absurd and Im tired. I am going to bed and I expect to hear no more of this by morning.A last ditch effort on her part. She felt the tensions rising and could handle it no longer. She always found some way to set her foot down in the end or sneak in a final word, leaving me the loser of every argument and her the victor. But this time it was I who had my foot raised like a gavel, poised to drop at any moment and cast its judgement. I would not let her get away with this. .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c , .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .postImageUrl , .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c , .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c:hover , .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c:visited , .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c:active { border:0!important; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c:active , .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44da649f2f46007420c57db96201914c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anderson/UCLA Admission EssayI called, revealing the hand I held all this time: Joseph spoke to me yesterday. You havent spoken to your brother in over a year.What do you think he said? He felt guilty as hell for what he had done. So he came clean. He called me after you left his place last night. I wasnt surprised in the leastShe said nothing. She didnt have to. Instead, an odd expression crossed her face, one that I had never seen on her in the fourteen years that I had known her. It was puzzling at first, almost paradoxical. Then it hit me, in a satisfying wave of realization. Somewhere in the back of my mind echoed a word that connected the expression on her face with the now painstakingly obvious feeling inside of her. Defeat. Bibliography:None

The Great Imagination Heist free essay sample

â€Å"The Great Imagination Heist† discusses how television has corrupted the imaginations of today’s American youth. The idea behind the word â€Å"heist† suits the title and story well; however, I disagree with his idea that television and video games have stolen youthful imaginations. Has anyone ever thought about the people who produce video games and television shows? In all fairness, those who have made these forms of entertainment have far greater imaginations than those who disapprove of their purpose. Producers have indeed captured the minds of America’s youth and allowed children to exercise their imaginations in fantasy worlds. They do not intend to deprive children of their personal imaginations, but the intention is to expand their minds beyond what they see everyday, and beyond the common feelings they encounter in life by making them into something abnormal to the world even though what children believe is not and may never be real. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Imagination Heist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Imagination does not always involve dealing with realistic feelings or reading books and having to understand ideas in an intellectual way. Imagination does not need to be taken seriously; intelligence, on the other hand, should be taken seriously. Giving a child a book will test his reading and literacy skills. Putting a child in front of a 20/20 broadcast will confuse him. Reading books are meant for learning, not to expand one’s imagination. Children are not supposed to believe that television and video games are bad for them when this addictive hobby only makes them happy. It is only an excessive amount of television entertainment that will truly damage a child’s intellect. Adults, however, understand both how to read and the difference between reality and fantasy worlds and the effects television has on their intelligence. The truth is that television and video games are a part of this generation and they will not disappear soon. Rather than blaming the producers of these systems for stealing children’s imaginations, the blame should be put on parental figures and the educational system for depriving children of viewing the real world. Fifty years from now one might say that life is too easy and we do not do anything for ourselves (which may or may not be true) but times change and one person’s imagination will always differ from the next.

Good Parenting For Dummies Professor Ramos Blog

Good Parenting For Dummies Having a child can be a surprise or a happily planned addition to the family, however, there is always the fear of not raising a child right or of not being a good enough parent. Not many know that this fear stems from either experiencing or witnessing an unhappy childhood. Some mental illnesses such as anxiety and anger can hinder one’s ability as a parent. The best way to prepare for parenthood, so your child stays untouched by dysfunction and abuse, is to heal yourself through behavioral therapy, practicing patience, and expressing your child’s love language. To begin, let’s take a quick look at the brain to explain why some of these behaviors such as anxiety, and anger occur, so that you can then learn how to manage them. Dr. Amen, brain imaging expert and founder of Amen Clinics, writes in his book, â€Å"Change Your Brain Change Your Life,† where these areas of the brain are affected, causing such mental illnesses. The basal ganglia, behind the front of your brain on the left and right side, is involved with forming habits, and mediates pleasure. â€Å"When the basal ganglia are overactive†¦ people are more likely to be overwhelmed by stressful situations,† like disciplining your children or being over worked at your job (Amen 133). In short, if this area is overactive it can cause anxiety, and if it’s under active it causes â€Å"problems with motivation and energy† (Amen 135). He discusses a few ways to help relieve problems with anxiety through; breathing exercises from your diaphragm, guided self-hypnosis, meditation, and finding a purpose or hobby. On the other hand, Anger management issues lie in the temporal lobes that are located behind the eyes on both sides of the brain. It carries the ability and importance â€Å"for the development and maintenance of consistent character† and mood stability (Amen 247). In anger, it can be hard to stop, take a step back and come balk calmly, which is important in parenting because children through all stages tend to test their boundaries. It may be frustrating as a parent, thinking your feelings are ‘all in your head,’ but brain imagery has opened a new world into mental dysfunction. If you are a parent struggling with anger and/or anxiety, to improve the functionality of these two areas of the brain Amen recommends nutritional intervention, rhythmic movement, meaning chanting or dancing, and listening to calm music (Amen 264). John Bradshaw, educator and motivational speaker is a well-known psychologist on family therapy, who focuses on healing your inner child, finding the sources of your toxic shame in order to heal, so that your dysfunction does not hinder your child’s development. In his book, â€Å"Healing the Shame That Binds You,† he speaks of a process involving leaving home, feeling the emotions of shame and then seeking validation. This is so that you may experience corrective processing to move forward (Bradshaw 133). Of course, there are further details into healthy shame and toxic shame, but the main point is that if you don’t change improper behavior it turns family dynamics into compulsive, co-dependent, and/or attention hungry children. Both psychiatrists Dr. Robert Hemfelt and Paul Warren, authors of â€Å"Kids Who Carry Our Pain,† mention how this attention hunger can manifest, how it’s easy to misinterpret.   To understand why your child has become overly ‘needy’ or ‘clingy’ the book, â€Å"Kids Who Carry Our Pain,† explains that â€Å"attention hunger is more than just the need for undivided attention†¦ a need for identity† (Hemfelt Warren 51). This may be a sign of emotional neglect in your child, which is a form of abuse. When abuse is mentioned, it’s not mere physical beatings, but rather its defined by a â€Å"child’s boundaries† being â€Å"violated, or †¦ is prevented from completing a developmental task† (Hemfelt Warren 51). Some believe yelling or even talking down to their children isn’t abuse but this is a child that has â€Å"no way of escape and no way to process† your message (Hemfelt Warren 55). Then that child â€Å"swallows everything whole and internalizes it,† causing a child’s attention hunger (Hemfelt Warren 55). This is where Gary Chapman and Ross Campbel ls parenting book, â€Å"The Five Love Languages of Children† comes to light. In their book, Chapman and Campbell reference a child’s emotional ‘love tank,’ how â€Å"speaking your child’s own love language† can fill his tank, making it easier â€Å"to discipline and train† your child (Chapman Campbell 17). In short, they are explaining that when a child feels loved, a ‘no matter what’ kind of love, they are better learners and develop maturity. Chapman and Campbell offer some reminders to help: â€Å"1. They are children. 2. They will tend to act like children. 3. Much childish behavior is unpleasant† (21). These are reminders when it is easy to forget that everything you do influences your child. Patience can go along way, to show a child an unconditional, love. All individuals differ in how they feel loved. In Chapman and Campbells book, they speak of five main â€Å"languages† of love. To start, the love language known as physical touch, is the most obvious way to feel love from another. Kissing, hugging, and holding your child is a real fundamental backbone of parenting (33). Communicating to your child is also important, using words of affection, endearment, praise, encouragement, and guidance all lead to the language of words of affirmation (Chapman Campbell 46-52). With this, the only way to speak to your child is to spend quality time with them, creating an environment for eye contact, storytelling and deep conversation. This will make them feel more secure and safe to come to you for advice or help (Chapman Campbell 62-63). A more difficult one, is gifts, because they can be misinterpreted as being â€Å"conditionally given† (Chapman Campbell 73). To be sure that your gifts are not payments nor substitutes for other love languages. Lastly, are acts of service, meaning the things you do for your child. Also, making sure to only do what your child cannot do for themselves, so they may be taught how to self-care (Chapman Campbell 85). These unconditional feelings make way for a clear healthy teaching path for children to become independent and kind. Other key factors found in more modern research for child-rearing. Boosting your child’s self-esteem, will help them find their own independent identity. At the same time, medical experts in KidsHealth wrote in the article â€Å"Nine Steps to More Effective Parenting† that a parent must â€Å"set limits and be consistent with your discipline† (paragraph 9). Meaning, for example, do not confuse your child by giving them ice cream right after being scolded for writing on the wall with sharpie. This sends mixed messages to your child, frustrating them to act out in rage. Most importantly, however, is the warning that you, as a parent, must know your own limitations. In short, meaning not to over-extend yourself, instead keep normal expectations so no anxiety becomes overwhelming. Obviously, there are more details regarding different ages in reference to the parent adjusting accordingly. Therapy is always recommended for traumas involving abuse and parenting classes, in order to receive a positive support system to relive stress. If you follow steps to healing, for sure those toxic behaviors will not carry to the next generation. Loving your child unconditionally and patiently, your child will grow into a mature, appropriately developed healthy individual. To clarify, being a good parent requires heeling and understanding of yourself, so that you can speak your child’s love languages. Amen, Daniel. Change Your Brain, Change Your Life: The Breakthrough Program for Conquering Anxiety, Depression, Obsessiveness, Lack of Focus, Anger and Memory Problems. Harmony Books, 1998. Bradshaw, John. Bradshaw on: Healing the Shame That Binds you. Florida, Health Communications Inc., 1988. Bradshaw, John. Bradshaw on: The Family: A revolutionary way of self-discovery. Florida, Health Communications Inc., 1988. Campbell, Ross and Chapman, Gary. The Five Love Languages of Children. Chicago, Moody Press, 1997. Hemfelt, Robert and Warren, Paul. Kids Who Carry Our Pain: Breaking the Cycle of Co-dependency for the Next Generation. Nashville, Thomas Nelson Inc., 1990. â€Å"Nine Steps to More Effective Parenting (for Parents).† Edited by KidsHealth Medical Experts,Nine Steps to More Effective Parenting, The Nemours Foundation, kidshealth.org/en/parents/nine-steps.html.

Rainbow Colored Flames Using Household Chemicals

Rainbow Colored Flames Using Household Chemicals Its easy to make a rainbow of colored flames using common household chemicals. Basically, what you need are chemicals for each of the colors, plus a fuel. Use a fuel that burns with a clean blue flame. Good choices include rubbing alcohol, 151 rum, hand sanitizer made with alcohol, lighter fluid, or alcohol fuel treatment. You can get a rainbow effect by placing chemicals directly on burning wood or paper, but sodium in these fuels produces a strongly yellow flame, which tends to overpower the other colors. Set Up the Rainbow On a fire-proof surface, line up small piles of powder for each of the colorants. You only need a small pinch of each chemical (1/2 teaspoon or less). Usually, youll run your rainbow red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet (or the opposite direction). It works best if you try to keep the colorant chemicals separate. When the fuel is added, some of the colors naturally will run together. Once the chemicals are set up, theres no hurry to light the fire. When you are ready, add fuel and then light it at one end. Youll get the most vivid coloring using methanol, but it burns hot. Hand sanitizer burns with the coolest temperature flame, but the high water content means the rainbow fire doesnt last long. Feel free to experiment. One compromise is to dampen the powders with methanol and follow up with a layer of hand sanitizer. As the fuel burns, the water will naturally extinguish the flames. The colorant chemicals are not consumed by the flames, so you can add more fuel to renew the rainbow. Table of Flame Colorants Most of the chemicals used for the project can be obtained from a grocery store. All of them are available at a superstore, like a Walmart or Target Supercenter. Color Chemical Common Source Red strontium nitrate or a lithium salt contents of a red emergency flare or lithium from a lithium battery Orange calcium chloride or mix red/yellow chemicals calcium chloride bleaching powder or mix salt with flare contents Yellow sodium chloride table salt (sodium chloride) Green boric acid, borax, copper sulfate borax laundry booster, boric acid disinfectant or insect killer, copper sulfate root killer Blue alcohol rubbing alcohol, Heet methanol, 151 rum, or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, lighter fluid Violet potassium chloride salt substitute Rainbow Fire Safety Information In addition to performing the project on a heat-safe surface, its a good idea to do it in a well-ventilated area, under a fume hood, or outdoors. There may be a small amount of smoke.Do not add fuel to the fire while it is still burning. Wait until the flames are extinguished and then add more alcohol and re-light the fire.The flames are easily extinguished by blowing them out, suffocating them (as with the lid of a pan), or by adding water.Its a good idea to wear protective eyewear and clothing, as for any science demonstration. Avoid wearing synthetic fabrics, as they readily melt if exposed to flame. Cotton, silk, and wool are good choices, or you can wear a lab coat.

Biology - Prader-Willi Syndrome Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biology - Prader-Willi Syndrome - Research Paper Example It was first described by Andrea Prader and Heinrich Willi in 1956. It is a rare genetic disorder in which seven genes or some subsets are deleted, translocated or unexpressed on the paternal chromosome 15. For the genes affected in PWS, the paternal copy is expressed while the maternal one is silenced. The PWS genes are maternally imprinted making the copy inherited from the father active. With this copy absent in PWS due to chromosomal translocation, both copies are imprinted in the maternal realm making the normal genes absent. Therefore people with PWS have a working and a non-working copy. The characteristics of PWS are stunted development in the intellectual functioning same as those associated with intellectual disability. A chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive hunger and life –threatening obesity arises. Then there is a likelihood of strange behavior or complications that may have effect on ones quality life or on the family members negatively. These ch aracteristics draw the quest for scientific research because the genes which are not expressed and thought to be responsible for the disorder are imprinted. PWS is an example that shows the function of imprinted genes in development. This knowledge has led to extensive research about imprinted genes, their occurrence and process of imprinting. There are two different genotypes for PWS which ultimately lead to two phenotypes, causing the need to understand the causes of the phenotypic differences, identifying the gene and their products and discern whether they are imprinted or no (Butler 12). However, the effects of the syndrome vary from individual to individual and on different factors. This has made the exact nature of the abnormality and whether one or more genes are involved to be unknown. Some physical and behavioral features are inherently present while others are not. The syndrome poses major implications for the developing baby in the uterus and throughout the personâ€℠¢s life. At birth there is extreme floppiness and subsequent cognitive, physical and behavioral abnormalities that eventually lead to widespread medical and social needs. Information on the disorder is got from parents whose children have ever developed it, or medical practitioners who have had such a case. The following are clinical features and signs of PWS at different levels of development: In utero, there is decrease in fetal movement, frequent abnormal fetal position and seldom excessive amniotic fluid, a condition known as polyhydramnios. At birth, there is often caesarian births, difficulties in feeding due to poor muscle tone affecting the sucking process, and respiratory difficulties. At infancy level, the difficulties in feeding advances, oversleeping is evident, crossed eyes and delay in intellectual development. At childhood there are notable delays in speech production, overeating from the age of 2-4 years leading to excessive weight gain and sleeping problems. At adol escence, puberty delays, obesity sets in followed by extreme flexibility and a short physique. In adulthood, infertility is common in males and females, vulnerability to diabetes mellitus, learning disabilities, obesity and reduced growth of pubic hair. The general physical appearance of a PWS adult victim comprise the following characteristics: incomplete sexual development, excess fat on the central part of the body, high, narrow forehead, small hands and feet, light skin and hair unlike other family members, and delayed motor development (Waters 85). Cognitively, PWS patients have low or below average intelligent quotient that is generally unusual. Children portray a high visual and perception capacity on reading and writing with poor articulatory and understanding processes. Coordinating received information word by word is relatively hard for them as well as poor arithmetic skills, leading to memory lapses and auditory retention span. Abnormal behavioral patterns include insati able appetite resulting in increased obesity. The cause for

Investigation into the use of science by an environmental advocacy Essay

Investigation into the use of science by an environmental advocacy body - Essay Example 12). The report sought to provide a comprehensive and entirely practical ten year plan to exchange all the stationary energy requirements with one hundred percent renewable energy sources using proven technologies along with engineering. This deals with the common notion that the renewable energy cannot be used the replacement of fossil fuels, either as a result of under-development of the technology, or the concerns in regard to the costs associated with the technologies (Husher, 2009, p. 119). The group accepts pro-bono contributions from professionals such as engineers and scientists to take part in their projects in the same way open source software is produced and developed. The organization subscribes to the notion that the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are at dangerous levels that keep increasing and that even when the objective of zero emissions in the worldwide economy is attained, the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will still have to be decreased to a safer threshold. According to Beyond Zero Emissions, 350 ppm was the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere at which the fragmentation of the ice in the Arctic Sea started (Coghill, Sampford and Smith, 2011, p. 129). An amount in the area around 280 and 325 ppm is seen as the permissible amount and decreasing the levels in the atmosphere to this amount is appropriate and crucial. The organization believes that can be achieved through the implementation of concentrated plants that harvest solar. The prevailing levels of greenhouse gases that are in the atmosphere are already considerably high to push the climatic system way past the tipping scales (Manahan, 2007, p.215). These levels are at an undesirable risk of dangerous and permanent changes to the climate of the globe, biodiversity, and by extension, human civilization (Shukla, 1997, p. 173). These changes have a direct impact on

Automobile Air Pollution Essay Example for Free

Automobile Air Pollution Essay Efforts to improve the standard of living for humans, through the control of nature and the development of new products have also resulted in the pollution of the environment. Much of the worlds air, water, and land is now partially poisoned by pollution. Some places have become uninhabitable. This pollution exposes people all around the globe to new risks from disease. Many species of plants and animals have become endangered or are now extinct. The air pollution comes from lots of sources but the paper will be about air pollution cause by automobiles. As a result of tremendous amount of air pollution, primarily for automobile governments have passed laws to limit or reverse the threat of environmental pollution. There are lots of sources other than the automobile for air pollution. Nature itself is one of the causes. Sometime nature causes the air pollution by activities like a forest fire, volcanic, hurricane. These are temporary dislocations that nature balances and accommodates to modern economic development, however, sometimes disrupts natures delicate balance. The other source is from factories. Factories are release smokes and chemical in the air. In many places smoke from factories and cars combines with naturally occurring fog to form smog and create a midday sky. It had happened in London, London, England, has been subjected to the danger of smog, long recognized as a potential cause of death, especially for elderly persons and those with severe respiratory ailments (pollution). Transportation by car though, is the major source of air pollution. Early in the century human invented, internal combustion engine, engine that use fuel as gasoline or diesel. Those engines were used to manufacture an automobile for fast travel from one place to another. Because they were not much in use, those few cars were not enough to threat the environment. Those engines were not fast enough so mastermind humans invented bigger and faster engines and those take more fuel. When these engines burn fuels they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by products. Once they are released into the air, the products of incomplete combustion, particulate matter (soot, ash, and other solids), unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, various nitrogen oxides, ozone, and lead, undergo a series of chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight. The result is the dense haze characteristic of smog. Smog may appear brownish in color when it contains high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, or it may look blue-gray when it contains large amounts of ozone (Danger). The cumulative effect of air pollution poses a grave threat to humans and the environment. Smog causes number of children and elderly to die because children lungs are still developing, also they breath more rapidly than adults, and they play outdoor. Most elderly people loose the red cells that cause diseases to go out of control. That lead them to the development of chronic lung diseases. The costs of air pollution are enormous. The American Lung Association sites sulfur-dioxide exposure as the third leading cause of lung disease after active and passive smoking (Justification) Air pollution does not only cause health hazard but also cause acid rain to fall. Acid rain causes damage to structure or life. Plants and animal marine animal are most effected by acid rain. Acid rain or snow pollute the water and soil the major source for plants and marine species to survive. Acid rain or snow falls when sulfur dioxide emissions from exhaust of an internal combustion engine combine with particles of water in the atmosphere. In Canada, Scandinavia, and the northeastern United States, acid rain is blamed for the deaths of thousands of lakes and streams (Acid rain). Another new and troubling form of air pollution comes from a variety of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, also known as CFCs. For many years it was used by automobile industries. These chemicals were used in the air conditioning systems of the car. CFCs takes decade to get in the upper atmosphere but when it gets there it combines with other molecules. Then, by attaching themselves to molecules of ozone, CFCs transform and destroy the protective ozone layer. The result has been a sharp decline in the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. At ground level, ozone is a threat to our lungs, but in the upper atmosphere ozone works as a shield to protect against ultraviolet radiation from the sun (Ozone). If the ozone shield gets too thin or disappears, exposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause crop failures and the spread of epidemic diseases, skin cancer, and other disasters. The automobile has a big impact on over our environment. Today we have trillions of automobiles on the road. Each car produce smoke and chemicals that hazardous to our world. Sometimes people take that threat seriously and they try to find solution. It is necessary to burn fuel completely because unburn fuel release more chemicals than burned fuel. Most new cars have two oxygen sensors that monitor and control the burning of fuel (Toyota Eng. ). I think problem is that as oxygen sensors age, their warm-up response slows considerably. Even government says, The major cause of air pollution is the internal-combustion engine of automobiles. Gasoline is never completely burned in the engine of a car, just as coal is never completely burned in the furnace of a steel mill (EPA). Other than two oxygen sensors some engineers came up with electric. These cars are good for our environment because they do not use gasoline as fuel. Even they dont produce any smoke. It has some problem with it too like electric cars need to recharge more often and the are not fast enough. The other problem is that after while the batteries needs to replace. You imagine if trillion cars need to replace batteries than it will fill our safe chemical deposal sites in few years than we have more chemical waste in our environment. The solar cars are not that bad in the futuristic problems but cars arent fast enough. Air pollution has been the target of some of the most complicated and far-reaching legislation ever enacted. In 1970, the United States Congress passed legislation aimed at curbing sources of air pollution and setting standards for air quality. A few years later, Congress passed laws designed to phase out the use of lead as an additive in gasoline (EPA). That helped us because the level of lead in the average Americans bloodstream has declined. We still didnt do much about cause of acid rain and it is continually debated in North America and throughout Europe. In late 1987, more than 20 nations signed an agreement to limit the production of CFCs and to work toward their eventual elimination (EPA).

Man Against Nature :: Environment Pollution

Man Against Nature I perceived, and continue to perceive, a severe problem with our culture. We see the space we inhabit as not wild, as not nature. Nature is in the parks, is in the mountains we drive over to sun ourselves on the beach, in unreachable and savage depths of countries like Brazil and continents like Africa. â€Å"That is nature,† we say, â€Å"not this, not our home, not our workplace.† A favorite author of mine calls this an â€Å"estranged worldview†, a term she borrowed herself from Friedrich Engels. She describes it thusly: â€Å"We are strangers to natur, to other human beings, to parts of ourselves. We see the world as made up of separate, isolated, nonliving parts that have no inherent value. â€Å"They are not even dead – because death implies life.)†[i] She goes on to say that â€Å"when nature is empty of spirit, forests and trees become merely timber, something to be measured in board feet, valued only for its profitability, not . . . even for its part in the larger ecosystem.†[ii] Starhawk, the author, finds the roots of an estranged worldview laid deep into our past, two millennia and more. In the Enlightenment, she tells us, the separation of the divine and the mundane (from the Latin word mundus, meaning â€Å"world†) promoted by Christianity became what she calls the â€Å"machine image†, a very telling metaphor.[iii] In such a worldview, when we are told by William McDonough that he wants to build a â€Å"building like a tree†, we find the statement odd ad perhaps even laughable. Trees are alive. Buldings aren’t. It seems so simple. I will return to that idea of a â€Å"building like a tree†. By now, you might be protesting to the invisible author – me – that you do connect yourself to nature, that you visit national parks, enjoy camping and hiking, perhaps even teach Environmental Science classes. McDonough and his chemist cohort, Michael Braungart, wonder if â€Å"it is all too easy to leave our reverance in the parking lots.†[iv] Being designers, they take a look at less abstract demonstrations of the estranged worldview than does Starhawk (a Wiccan spiritual and ethical author), and they find it in the famed â€Å"view† that every middle management type is looking to have from his corner office after the promotion.

Abstract – Analysis

After Jobs' death (201 1), the video of his speech turned on the internet, gaining millions of views. On Twitter and Backbone, people quoted pieces of the speech, and one of the cost highly circulated quotes was his last line: â€Å"Stay hungry, stay foolish. â€Å". Steve Jobs' powerful speech consisted of three stories from his life. The first story, which he calls â€Å"connecting the dots†, touches upon his early life and how it all affected the inception and development of his company and career.The second story, about â€Å"love and loss†, reveals how he pursued what he loved, and the twists and turns in that pursuit, and his eventual success and attainment of happiness (American dream). The third story he speaks about relates his feelings of being at the end of the road, and how facing death every day inspired him to work and live as if it were his last day (Carper diem theme).This speech is more Interesting because It is full of rhetorical, philosophical messa ges and figures, there are the recurring themes of birth, death, rebirth, love, and determination. Indubitably, Jobs has struck a core with the American Dream: â€Å"Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. † and â€Å"Don't settle. † , a few of his aphorisms for the young students are determined to Join the workforce, pursue their livelihoods, start their families, and achieve their â€Å"Dream†.While It may seem plausible and appealing to â€Å"stay hungry, stay foolish† for one person, It may seem unreasonable and Inauspicious to another. The reference about the â€Å"Instinct† that for Jobs prevails over the â€Å"reason† creates divergent opinions as also the history has shown through the thinking of some philosophers Like B. Pascal, S. Segregated, F. Nietzsche or rationalist philosophers Like D. Home or R. Descartes. Finally, there are many other Ideas and Items that come out of this discourse, where the path os always wins the audience.

Tuning in for Direct Observation with Child C Essay

I have decided to use Taylor and Devine’s (1993) model of tuning in which will look at the general category of the client, the specific client, the phase of work and my own feelings. I felt it more appropriate to use this model of tuning in as this is not my initial meeting with Child C. First Level: General Category of the Client Child C is a seven year old boy. It is important at this stage of my intervention to be aware of the issues regarding the ways in which our society treats people at such a young age. It is difficult for a child’s voice to be heard; therefore it is essential that I listen and advocate on his behalf if necessary. It is important that I have a good understanding of the relevant legislation and policies and procedures which relate to Child C. Legislation The Children (NI) Order 1995 underpins all work with children and young people to ensure safe and effective practice. I recognise the welfare of the children and young people I work with is of paramount consideration. (Article 3) The Children (NI) Order 1995 recognises that children have the right to be safeguarded from sexual, physical, emotional abuse and neglect. â€Å"It shall be the general duty of every authority to safeguard and promote the welfare of children within its area who are in need; and So far as is consistent with the duty, to promote the upbringing of these children by their families, By providing a range and level of personal social services appropriate to those children’s needs† United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child, Article 2 – seeking the views and wishes of the child. Data Protection Act (1998) I would advise the child that information from the sessions would be recorded on agency files. Also advising the child that they could access their files at any time. This complies with the NSPCC’s policies, standards and principles. â€Å"Service user should be advised that a system for record keeping exists and the purpose for this† (NSPCC, PSP’s) Policies and Procedures NSPCC policies reflect the underpinning of the Children (NI) Order 1995 and the NSPCC NI Elective Principles and Standards In relation to Child C the following principles and standards must be adhered to in order to ensure good practice. Principle 3 standard 2 – ‘ Service users are provided with information which allows them to make informed choices about receiving a service’ Principle 4 Standard 3 – ‘ A holistic assessment of the therapeutic needs of the service user is made and is used to inform all work subsequently undertaken’ Principle 4 standard 2 – ‘all service users and particularly children are entitled to therapeutic services which are led by the concerns they bring, proceed at their pace, take account of their level of understanding Theoretical considerations Counselling – The counselling should be time limited with clear specific tasks and goals which will try and ensure that child C continues to be motivated and involved. The sessions would be used to discuss and measure how child C is getting on and what he has been able to achieve between sessions. Child Developmental Theory – working with child C I will require knowledge of child development theory. This could be used to explain some behaviours of child C and also may highlight interventions that would be most appropriate in different situations. The main child development theories are Psycho Sexual Development – based on the work of Freud. Erikson’s Life Span Approach – provides another map of development. Piaget – developed a framework for child development based on the cognitive approach to understanding human intelligence. â€Å"Piaget sees the child as an organism adapting to his/her environment as well as a scientist constructing his/her own understanding of the world.† (Gross 1996, p626) Attachment and Bonding – as Child C has been separated from his father, knowledge of Attachment theory may be very relevant. Thompson’s PCS model – This is a model for understanding Child C’s problems in an anti oppressive view. It determines the landscape in terms of Personal, Cultural and Societal barriers to his full integration and acceptance in society. Use of this model may prove beneficial in determining the context of child C’s problem areas and in ensuring that I will be able to meet best practice requirements within an anti-oppressive framework. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy – is concerned with helping people form realistic expectations and challenging negative assumptions that have been accepted too readily. Work is given to service users so they can test elements of this intervention themselves between sessions, practice their skills and test out conclusions in their real life situations. This model of intervention is also mixed with client centred counselling, which operates on the thinking that people tend to move towards healing on their own especially if the counsellor; Listens and tries to understand how things are from the service user’s point of view. Treats the service user with the utmost respect and regard. Is â€Å"congruent† – which means being self aware, self – accepting and having  knowledge of oneself and the client. Second Level: Specific Client Child C is a seven year old boy. Having read through the referral form I am aware that Child C had been displaying aggressive and angry behaviour in school. He comes from an unsettled home life and has experienced a high level of domestic violence within his family home. Child C has spent time living with his grandmother and is currently living in Women’s Aid accommodation. There are also issues regarding maintaining regular contact with his father. On my initial session with Child C it appeared that his aggressive displays in school had reduced somewhat, following a number of counselling sessions with my colleague. Following liaising with the Link Teacher in the school and Child C’s mother it appeared that the family dynamics had changed again, resulting in feelings of distress and fear for Child C. It became apparent that Child C had witnessed a domestic incident involving his parents, which resulted in his mother and siblings leaving the family home and seeking refuge and support from Women’s Aid. Mrs C advised that this had been an extremely difficult and stressful time for the family as a whole, particularly for Child C as he has a close relationship with his father. Child C had been engaging in the service for a number of weeks prior to my first session and it was anticipated that only a few more sessions were required in order to meet the desired outcomes. Third Level: Phase of Work Throughout the sessions with Child C it appeared that he really missed living with both his parents, although he recognised that his parents argued often and this was the reason that they were not all living together at this time. However Child C did advise that he would only want the family together if  Ã¢â‚¬Å"mummy and daddy would not fight†. Following consultation with Mrs C it became apparent that domestic violence has been a major feature of her relationship with her husband and that it has been ongoing for the past eleven years. Mrs C advised that her intention at this time is that she will not be re uniting with her husband and she is in the process of initiating divorce proceedings. Mrs C advised that she has finally had enough and fears for her safety with her husband. Mrs C also advised that her husband would never touch his children as he loved them dearly; however she was aware of the emotional impact the violence was having on them. Social Services are also involved with the family and at this time arrangements are being made with the Housing Executive to house the family in another area. A Non – Molestation Order is also in place against her husband, Child C’s father. From the initial contact it appeared the main issues to be addressed were family life and protective behaviours. The focus of immediate work was to establish a relationship of unconditional positive regard. The strategies used were influenced by Egan’s Eclectic Model of developing an appropriate relationship, formulating an action plan, looking at inner resources and transferring these skills to a fresh situation. The timescale for counselling was between 4 and 6 sessions. The tools that I employed included play therapy, art therapy techniques, worksheets focusing on establishing a therapeutic and structured discussion. Child C seemed to enjoy the sessions and engaged well. The desired outcome is to support Child C in developing a rapport with an adult and gaining an understanding of protective behaviours and the support network Child C has around him, to enable him to deal with difficult situations in the future. The main risk is Child C deciding not to engage with the service. As counselling is voluntary Child C may decide not to attend. Also, if the need for a child protection issue needs to be passed on arises, the relationship between Child C and I may be jeopardized. Fourth Level: Workers Feelings I feel that my previous sessions have gone well, however I am slightly apprehensive regarding this session, as it will be observed by my practice teacher. I do feel that we have established a good working relationship and that Child C is comfortable discussing his issues and concerns in my company, however this has developed over a number of sessions, initially both of us were quite anxious. As a student social worker I still feel slightly apprehensive about working in a counselling capacity as it is new to me; however I feel that increasing my knowledge in this area has helped reduce my anxieties. I fully appreciate that Child C may ask questions that I am unable to answer. I will ensure that I advise Child C that this is the case and that I will seek advise on the matter from my team manager.

Free Essays on A Comparison Of Animal Farm And The Russian Revolution

George Orwell’s controversial novel â€Å"Animal Farm† has often been thought of as Orwell’s opinions, or interpretations of historical events that happened around the time it was written. The historical event that it is most often compared to is the Russian Revolution. â€Å"Animal Farm† and the Russian Revolution have many similarities and ideas. The characters, settings, and the plots are close if not exactly the same. In addition â€Å"Animal Farm† is a satire and allegory of the Russian Revolution , and it seems that George Orwell meant for it to be that way. Karl Marx was a German scholar who lived in the nineteenth century, he was an idealist who spent most of his life studying and writing about history and economics. Marx wrote books that stated that the only way to establish justice was for the workers to overthrow the capitalists by means of violent revolution. He urged workers around the world to revolt against their rulers. â€Å"Workers of the world unite† he wrote. â€Å"You have nothing to lose but your chains†. During the Russian Revolution Marx’s ideas were used by a man named Lenin who had overthrown Russia's irresponsible leader â€Å" Nicholas the Second† Lenin had better ways to keep Russia alive and happy for the workers of Russia had been living in poverty for quite a few years. Later in the Revolution the noble Lenin was also over thrown by one of his communist comrades Joseph Stalin. Stalin was a quieter simpler sort of man and while he was in rule the communist party took many privileges. A lso Stalin used many of Lenin’s ideas that he had earlier opposed. It seemed to be most important to Stalin that he stay in power and I order to do this he used many brutal tactics. Chief among his creations were highly effective political weapons such as an effective propaganda spreading machine that more and more promoted that Stalin was a nearly god like creature, and also he had a secret police force which kept the ... Free Essays on A Comparison Of Animal Farm And The Russian Revolution Free Essays on A Comparison Of Animal Farm And The Russian Revolution George Orwell’s controversial novel â€Å"Animal Farm† has often been thought of as Orwell’s opinions, or interpretations of historical events that happened around the time it was written. The historical event that it is most often compared to is the Russian Revolution. â€Å"Animal Farm† and the Russian Revolution have many similarities and ideas. The characters, settings, and the plots are close if not exactly the same. In addition â€Å"Animal Farm† is a satire and allegory of the Russian Revolution , and it seems that George Orwell meant for it to be that way. Karl Marx was a German scholar who lived in the nineteenth century, he was an idealist who spent most of his life studying and writing about history and economics. Marx wrote books that stated that the only way to establish justice was for the workers to overthrow the capitalists by means of violent revolution. He urged workers around the world to revolt against their rulers. â€Å"Workers of the world unite† he wrote. â€Å"You have nothing to lose but your chains†. During the Russian Revolution Marx’s ideas were used by a man named Lenin who had overthrown Russia's irresponsible leader â€Å" Nicholas the Second† Lenin had better ways to keep Russia alive and happy for the workers of Russia had been living in poverty for quite a few years. Later in the Revolution the noble Lenin was also over thrown by one of his communist comrades Joseph Stalin. Stalin was a quieter simpler sort of man and while he was in rule the communist party took many privileges. A lso Stalin used many of Lenin’s ideas that he had earlier opposed. It seemed to be most important to Stalin that he stay in power and I order to do this he used many brutal tactics. Chief among his creations were highly effective political weapons such as an effective propaganda spreading machine that more and more promoted that Stalin was a nearly god like creature, and also he had a secret police force which kept the ...

How I Got My Sweats Worth Out of a Content Mill

How I Got My Sweats Worth Out of a Content Mill Brace yourself. Im about to say something nice about content mills. First, the not-so-nice parts: If youve ever written for a content mill, you already know that theyre all about quantity, not quality, and management tends to be better at drawing people in than fostering morale or editorial standards. Theres a reason such places have been dubbed the sweatshops of online writing. And yet, content mills helped me leap from ferociously insecure writer to someone with a robust, independent writing career. Heres how it worked for me. My first writing job was a one-off newspaper article that eventually turned into six years of weekly columns and a book deal. Freelance gold, right? But I didnt know how successful it would be, and at the time I suffered from deep insecurity that, combined with the lack of feedback in the days before social media was a thing, left me convinced that my nascent column was a fluke. So, instead of pitching ideas to other publications, I sought refuge in the low expectations and anonymity of content mills that paid Suddenly, writing was far more lucrative than the side job Id been working. I became a full-time freelancer, even if it didnt look anything like Id imagined when, at about six years old, I started telling people that would be my career path. Encouraged Soon, I was straddling two career paths. On one side, seemingly endless access to a pool of easy money; all I had to do was endure a series of small indignities that I could escape The content mills made my choice easy Its in the content mills that I first learned the quality of my work is more important than where it runs, that theres no substitute for spending a lot of time writing (no matter the circumstances), and that having a prestigious job title like editor doesnt guarantee the person actually knows what theyre talking about. I also learned that flexibility, resiliency, and a willingness to make it work are what really make a freelance career go; and that youll be paid and treated just as poorly, or as well, as you allow. The latter may be the most important lesson of my freelance career scratch that, my life and has guided me every time I decide how to handle difficult colleagues or a challenging situation. Over the years, I have also learned that not all online content brokers follow the content mill model. Contently pays magazine rates and is a pleasure to work with. I hear that ClearVoice might pay similarly, although I havent yet had the pleasure; and E

Hiring Police Academy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hiring Police Academy - Essay Example Here, it is the danger that creates a bond among all the officers alike because there are no barriers of race or class. At the Academy, they live as one great community by overcoming racial and caste differences while sharing rich experiences. The job of police personnel in the Academy is unique because it gives them an identity of great importance. Training at the Police Academy though strenuous, does give one the impression that it is a very well – disciplined organization that transforms its recruits into highly trained professionals. Trainees learn the different military commands and violations are strictly punished while efficiency is well rewarded. Trainees do not possess police powers nor are they allowed possession of a gun, but after their training they are allowed to do these things. Ethics (chap.5) by Crank and Caldero (2004) is one of the most important and popular subjects in the criminal justice system which goes to prove that ethical values have to be inculcated into police officers regime for more favorable and respectable outcomes. Screening recruits on the basis of knowledge and values has become a priority when choosing people before imparting training. Pre- hiring procedures include Knowledge testing, physical fitness and agility, background, psychological testing besides a polygraph and oral interview.

Quality Management as a Global Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Quality Management as a Global Issue - Essay Example Such issues require an organizational change initiative and have mostly been undertaken by the private sector, or at least research suggests so. However, not much research is available on the extent that public institutions have implemented quality management. The health-care sector in Saudi Arabia is a very vital sector where quality is a critical issue. Quality health care is a basic human right and based on this principle, Saudi hospitals to have joined the movements towards quality management. They expect that such a strategy would help to overcome organizational deficiencies amidst shrinking budgets (Al-ahmadi & Roland, 2005). Total quality management (TQM) is one such management practice that can help improve health organizational performance. There is no universally accepted definition of TQM and varies across researchers and philosophers and quality experts. Nevertheless, it has been considered as a philosophy for managing organizations (Hill and Wilkinson, 1995; Dean and Bowen, 1994) and most agree on certain core TQM concepts (Waldman, 1993). These core concepts include: 4. Involvement, support and guidance of senior management demonstrating their commitment towards TQM along with the importance of leadership necessary to achieve successful TQM (Johnson, 1990; Juran 1989; Waldman, 1993); Ho and Shih (1999) conducted a review of the works of quality proponents. This study revealed shared principles and certain assumptions of TQM commonly shared by all. The authors surmised that a customer-centric approach is essential to achieve TQM. This implies that both the products and the services should be customized to meet the customer needs and expectations. To meet the long-term objectives of organizational success, a customer-focused approach is essential. The authors also found that process improvement should be an ongoing process in the organization. This principle is based on  the two-fold argument: a) ongoing quality and process improvement lead to customer satisfaction and b) in the long run high-quality products and services have proven to be cost-effective as the resources required are less than for an inferior quality product.  

Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Coursework - Essay Example Introduction The global financial have been experiencing a rapid growth in last two decades and considering the present scenario of the global market, it can be claimed the market is emerging with major developments. The globalization of financial market has been passing constant developments which have been led by the concept of globalization and internationalization. Globalization has influenced the entire human activities including their culture and life style. In case of the business, the globalization has led to bring significant improvement including the process of management. The thought process of managers and owners has changed as they have started to realize their responsibilities. On the other, with this internationalization of business, the entire global business is also suffering from complexities and intensified competition. However, in order to cope with these complexities and competition, the business organizations have also developed a number of effective tools and t echniques. In the same manner, the global financial markets have also emerged as an important and developed industry. Finance always has been a vital area for the every individual and institution. With the increasing the globalization of business, the necessity of financial services has also been frequently. The global the financial institutions and companies have realized the underlying opportunities in global platform and they keep expanding their market. In this course of development in the global financial markets, there are certain influencing factors. This paper will attempt to discuss important aspects of international financial markets which have led to bring such development. The overall discussion will be presented in four major sections followed by a concluding remark. The first will address the role of financial deregulation and capital control in international diversification. The next section will offer s discussion the two major drivers of financial i.e. technology an d innovation in global financial market and it will be followed by a description and mechanism of carry trade strategy. Finally, the influence of international capital market on share price and cost of capital will be explained followed by an overall conclusion. 2. Role of Financial Deregulation and Capital Control on Financial Globalization and International Diversification 2.1. Concept of Financial Deregulation and Capital Control The importance of the financial deregulation has started to rise with increasing opportunities in the global market place. Financial deregulation can be referred as abolishment of restrictive laws that often cause barriers for the financial institutions. Financial deregulations are important and similar as the free trade policies. Both, the financial deregulation and free trade policy strive to bring development in the market by increasing competition Hope and Maeleng have defined the free trade policies as â€Å"competitor-enhancing device† as it is meant to discard the unnecessary restriction and barriers by offer

Impact of Unemployment on Economic Development

Impact of Unemployment on Economic Development Unemployment has become an issue of major concern in different countries this is as because a lot of individuals are ready and available to work but are not able to secure this job opportunities. Different studies and expert analysis on Economics have discovered the various reasons as well as effects that unemployment has caused and have made effort to resolve some of the problems. the irregular recover in economy as well as downward successive review in the growth of economy and projections has made substantial impact on the situation of employment on global scale. The report of the International Labour Organization ILO(2014, P.11) observed that around the world, there are over 200 million people who are unemployed as at 2013, this an increase of nearly 5 million compared with the year before In many countries, competition in the market is a major cause since the employment opportunities are few. As a result the few opportunities have too many qualified individuals chasing it Nitzan (2011, p.4) compared unemployment and labour market with the case of demand, supply and price index Scale of the problem and Evaluation Unemployment and food price Inflation: Unemployment has been cited as being a major social evil; a cause the rise in poverty. It produces social as well as economic effect which also is a major issue of society. The problem of poverty among those who are unemployed is often very high due to the fact that these persons are not able to have a sustainable means of income. Looking at it from the social angle, there is an increase in illegitimate means of earning a living. If you consider an environment with high unemployment rate, you will notice that such place has increase in various social vice like gambling, robbery, bribery, prostitutuion etc. This accounts for the social insecurity issues created by unemployment (MCgrath 2012, p.1) Youth unemployment: loss of resources particularly human resources is another problem unemployment creates. With millions of able bodied men and women not able to put their skills and talent to use. This effect makes the persons unproductive, thus making the economy suffer in not using those productive abilities. Such economy experiences slow growth at the various sectors; the tertiary sector being the most affected as a result of the sector not getting enough funds to sustain it. A further impact is the slow rate of self-employment as savings is not easy for the large population of unemployed thus they have little or no capital for investments. The situation of unemployment in a society will greatly impoverish the citizens as employers tend to take advantage of the situation to pay very small for labour. Such economy experiences a devaluation of labour as the employers take the upper hand. Economic growth in certain industries: when theres a boom in some industries, there is sudden influx of people to that industry. It will not be easy to accommodate an increasing population of people who want to be part of that sector. For example an economic growth in the textile industry will increase the rush into that sector, which will often force individuals to focus attention in the textile industry and ignore skills available in other sectors. With such push, unemployment will gradually set in first for that industry and later on due to reduced skill available for the other sectors, unemployment spreads to other industries. Causes of the Problems The demand-side causes are: Economic Cycle: The Competition for labour is the reason unemployment seems to have stronghold in many economies. Since opportunities get fewer with increasing population. The result of this is that for every available position, there are several qualified individuals and as one person gets the position, another becomes unemployed. Indeed the present shift in labour demand has worsened the situation even more, as technology driven labour is taking over people driven labour thus more people redundant as one machine replaces the task of human effort. Employers consider the technology driven labour of greater benefit since the idea of multi tasking also encourages on man operating more than one machine Lack of Government investment and Spending: Sometimes the government fails to make investment that provide job opportunities while other times the government policies do not provide conducive environment for private sector investment. Supply Side causes include: Rising global commodity prices, high labour costs and poor workforce skills and lack of infrastructure. Apart from the demand and supply side causes of unemployment the exchange rate from one country to another can greatly affect the unemployment rate in that region. For example, due to the technology driven labour, a lot of employment opportunities are open to countries where labour is cheaper, thus causing an increase in unemployment in the countries where labour is emigrating (ILO 2014, p.18). This migration of labour from higher economies to the lower economies places competition of employment on the higher economies as employers keep looking for economies with cheaper labour. One of the theories on unemployment rate and its relationship with the growth of economy is the Okuns law.Okuns law is a statistical analysis of the relationship that exist between the unemployment rate of a country and the economy growth of that country. (Fuhrman 2015, p.1) Okun ’s law as explained by the St Louis Federal Reserve Bank is expected to identify t he extent of the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country could be lost as a result of the unemployment rate rising more than its usually rate. Furthermore, it explains that the idea behind Okun’s law is that the amount of labour depends on output. Which implies that there exist some positive relation between employment and output (Fuhrman 2015, p.3) that is: total employment is equal to the subtraction of the unemployed from labour; thus a reverse relationship between unemployment and output. The most significant of these problems are exchange rate and the competition from the lower wage economies. The policies that will be most effective in dealing with these problems vary according to the problem. For example for Structural unemployment Investment in education and training to give workers new skills will effective. Others include Cyclical unemployment caused by a fall in consumer spending will require reduction in income tax rates which is a Fiscal policy (ILO 2014, P.36) For Cost-push inflation caused by increasing labour costs an effective policy would be to encourage immigration and investment in technology (Nitzan 2011, P.7) For the problem slowing economic growth caused by falling exports, stimulating domestic consumer spending and finding new export markets When Fiscal Monetary policy are implemented the following are possible effects Expansionary policies are likely to: Increase economic growth, reduce unemployment, and increase inflation. It was A.W. Philips(as cited in Nitzan 2011, p.3) who first examined the relationship between inflation and unemployment Contractionary policies are likely to: Reduce economic growth, increase unemployment, and reduce inflation For long term Short term or Long term effect can produce some of the effects below as further illustrated by the diagram below Demand-side policies can move an economy closer to its’ Production Possibility Frontier assuming where all resources are used Supply-side policies are needed to expand the productive potential of the economy i.e. move the PPF outward Conclusion Unemployment affects the economy in many different ways but it can be minimized by strategic Government intervention. There are policies that help to contain the effect of unemployment considering that some of the causes can be handled with some of the economic policies. However the choice of the policy has to be analyzed carefully to produce relevant result. For example reducing income tax will only increase consumer spending if the marginal propensity to consume is high. ILO (2014, P.27) pointed that Policies to reduce inflation might have a negative effect on unemployment economic growth (and vice versa) and improving education might solve the problem in the long term but not in the short term REFERENCE LIST Fuhrman, R 2015, Okuns Law: Economic Growth and Unemployment: Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/12/okuns-law.asp ILO 2014, Global Employment Trends 2014: Risk of a jobless recovery: International Labour Office. Geneva Mcgrath Native Council 2012. Causes and Effect of Unemployment: Retrieved from http://mcgrathnativecouncil.org/interesting-academic-essay-example-on-unemployment Nitzan, J. 2011, Mcroeconomic Perspectives on Inflation and Unemployment, McGill University 855 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal

Love And Shakespeare Essay -- essays research papers

Love and Shakespeare The love theme in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is confusing but at the same time entertaining. The love triangle involving Viola, disguised as Cesario, is in love with Orsino. Orsino is in love with Olivia. Olivia, however, loves Cesario. Orsino tries to woo Olivia with the language of love; however, his many attempts fail because the heart cannot be controlled. Orsino, a man in love with love itself, is on a mission to win the heart of his current object of affection, the Lady Olivia. She, however, has somewhat different plans as she envisions herself married to the lovely Cesario. Shakespeare's beautiful sonnets 18 and 73 describe the changes in season and the passages of time that correlate with the play's main theme and mood. In both sonnets and in the Twelfth Night introduce the issue of the effect of the weather. In Twelfth Night, a stormy sea has shipwrecked a vessel leaving the passengers scattered at sea. Viola, a Sea Captain, and some sailors believe that they are the only survivors of the wreck. The Captain believes that their being saved was only as fate would have it. Viola struggles with what to do with herself in a foreign country with no male companions. She, with the Captain's help, disguises herself as a boy so that she can protect her identity, support herself, and not be taken advantage of. The Captain agrees with her plan and convinces Duke Orsino that Viola, disguised as Cesario, is one of his noblest men. When the play ends, Viola i...

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 14. You Know Things Are Bad When …

14. You Know Things Are Bad When You Feel Guilty For Being Rude To Vampires VAMPIRES When I got back to the house, there was no one waiting outside for my report. Still on alert? Everything's cool,I thought tiredly. My eyes quickly caught a small change in the now-familiar scene. There was a stack of light-colored fabric on the bottom step of the porch. I loped over to investigate. Holding my breath, because the vampire smell stuck to the fabric like you wouldn't believe, I nudged the stack with my nose. Someone had laid out clothes. Huh. Edward must have caught my moment of irritation as I'd bolted out the door. Well. That was†¦ nice. And weird. I took the clothes gingerly between my teeth – ugh – and carried them back to the trees. Just in case this was some joke by the blond psychopath and I had a bunch of girls' stuff here. Bet she'd love to see the look on my human face as I stood there naked, holding a sundress. In the cover of the trees, I dropped the stinking pile and shifted back to human. I shook the clothes out, snapping them against a tree to beat some of the smell from them. They were definitely guy's clothes – tan pants and a white button-down shirt. Neither of them long enough, but they looked like they'd fit around me. Must be Emmett's. I rolled the cuffs up on the shirtsleeves, but there wasn't much I could do about the pants. Oh well. I had to admit, I felt better with some clothes to my name, even stinky ones that didn't quite fit. It was hard not being able to just jet back home and grab another pair of old sweatpants when I needed them. The homeless thing again – not having anyplace to go back to. No possessions, either, which wasn't bothering me too bad now, but would probably get annoying soon. Exhausted, I walked slowly up the Cullens' porch steps in my fancy new secondhand clothes but hesitated when I got to the door. Did I knock? Stupid, when they knew I was here. I wondered why no one acknowledged that – told me either to come in or get lost Whatever. I shrugged and let myself in. More changes. The room had shifted back to normal – almost – in the last twenty minutes. The big flat-screen was on, low volume, showing some chick flick that no one seemed to be watching. Carlisle and Esme stood by the back windows, which were open to the river again. Alice, Jasper, and Emmett were out of sight, but I heard them murmuring upstairs. Bella was on the couch like yesterday, with just one tube still hooked into her, and an IV hanging behind the back of the sofa. She was wrapped up like a burrito in a couple of thick quilts, so at least they'd listened to me before. Rosalie was cross-legged on the ground by her head. Edward sat at the other end of the couch with Bella's burrito'ed feet in his lap. He looked up when I came in and smiled at me – just a little twitch of his mouth – like something pleased him. Bella didn't hear me. She only glanced up when he did, and then she smiled, too. With real energy, her whole face lighting up. I couldn't remember the last time she'd looked so excited to see me. What was with her? For crying out loud, she was married] Happily married, too – there was no question that she was in love with her vampire past the boundaries of sanity. And hugely pregnant, to top it off. So why did she have to be so damn thrilled to see me? Like I'd made her whole freakin' day by walking through the door. If she would just not care†¦ Or more than that – really not want me around. It would be so much easier to stay away. Edward seemed to be in agreement with my thoughts – we were on the same wavelength so much lately it was crazy. He was frowning now, reading her face while she beamed at me. â€Å"They just wanted to talk,† I mumbled, my voice dragging with exhaustion. â€Å"No attack on the horizon.† â€Å"Yes,† Edward answered. â€Å"I heard most of it.† That woke me up a little. We'd been a good three miles out. â€Å"How?† Tm hearing you more clearly – it's a matter of familiarity and concentration. Also, your thoughts are slightly easier to pick up when you're in your human form. So I caught most of what passed out there.† â€Å"Oh.† It bugged me a little, but for no good reason, so I shrugged it off. â€Å"Good. I hate repeating myself.† â€Å"I'd tell you to go get some sleep,† Bella said, â€Å"but my guess is that you're going to pass out on the floor in about six seconds, so there's probably no point.† It was amazing how much better she sounded, how much stronger she looked. I smelled fresh blood and saw that the cup was in her hands again. How much blood would it take to keep her going? At some point, would they start trotting in the neighbors? I headed for the door, counting off the seconds for her as I walked. â€Å"One Mississippi†¦ two Mississippi†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Where's the flood, mutt?† Rosalie muttered. â€Å"You know how you drown a blonde, Rosalie?† I asked without stopping or turning to look at her. â€Å"Glue a mirror to the bottom of a pool.† I heard Edward chuckle as I pulled the door shut. His mood seemed to improve in exact correlation to Bella's health. â€Å"I've already heard that one,'7Rosalie called after me. I trudged down the steps, my only goal to drag myself far enough into the trees that the air would be pure again. I planned to ditch the clothes a convenient distance from the house for future use rather than tying them to my leg, so I wouldn't be smelling them, either. As I fumbled with the buttons on the new shirt, I thought randomly about how buttons would never be in style for werewolves. I heard the voices while I slogged across the lawn. â€Å"Where are you going?† Bella asked. â€Å"There was something I forgot to say to him.† â€Å"Let Jacob sleep – it can wait.† Yes, please, let Jacob sleep. â€Å"It will only take a moment.† I turned slowly. Edward was already out the door. He had an apology in his expression as he approached me. â€Å"Jeez, what now?† Tm sorry,† he said, and then he hesitated, like he didn't know how to phrase what he was thinking. What's on your mind, mind reader? â€Å"When you were speaking to Sam's delegates earlier,† he murmured, â€Å"I was giving a play-by-play for Carlisle and Esme and the rest. They were concerned – â€Å" â€Å"Look, we're not dropping our guard. You don't have to believe Sam like we do. We're keeping our eyes open regardless.† â€Å"No, no, Jacob. Not about that. We trust your judgment. Rather, Esme was troubled by the hardships this is putting your pack through. She asked me to speak to you privately about it.† That took me off guard. â€Å"Hardships?† â€Å"The homeless part, particularly. She's very upset that you are all so†¦ bereft.† I snorted. Vampire mother hen – bizarre. â€Å"We're tough. Tell her not to worry.† â€Å"She'd still like to do what she can. I got the impression that Leah prefers not to eat in her wolf form?† â€Å"And?† I demanded. â€Å"Well, we do have normal human food here, Jacob. Keeping up appearances, and, of course, for Bella. Leah is welcome to anything she'd like. All of you are.† â€Å"I'll pass that along.† â€Å"Leah hates us.† â€Å"So?† â€Å"So try to pass it along in such a way as to make her consider it, if you don't mind.† â€Å"I'll do what I can.† â€Å"And then there's the matter of clothes.† I glanced down at the ones I was wearing. â€Å"Oh yeah. Thanks.† It probably wouldn't be good manners to mention how bad they reeked. He smiled, just a little. â€Å"Well, we're easily able to help out with any needs there. Alice rarely allows us to wear the same thing twice. We've got piles of brand-new clothes that are destined for Goodwill, and I'd imagine that Leah is fairly close to Esme's size___† â€Å"Not sure how she'll feel about bloodsucker castoffs. She's not as practical as I am.† â€Å"I trust that you can present the offer in the best possible light. As well as the offer for any other physical object you might need, or transportation, or anything else at all. And showers, too, since you prefer to sleep outdoors. Please†¦ don't consider yourselves without the benefits of a home.† He said the last line softly – not trying to keep quiet this time, but with some kind of real emotion. I stared at him for a second, blinking sleepily. â€Å"That's, er, nice of you. Tell Esme we appreciate the, uh, thought. But the perimeter cuts through the river in a few places, so we stay pretty clean, thanks.† â€Å"If you would pass the offer on, regardless.† â€Å"Sure, sure.† â€Å"Thank you.† I turned away from him, only to stop cold when I heard the low, pained cry from inside the house. By the time I looked back, he was already gone. What now? I followed after him, shuffling like a zombie. Using about the same number of brain cells, too. It didn't feel like I had a choice. Something was wrong. I would go see what it was. There would be nothing I could do. And I would feel worse. It seemed inevitable. I let myself in again. Bella was panting, curled over the bulge in the center of her body. Rosalie held her while Edward, Carlisle, and Esme all hovered. A flicker of motion caught my eye; Alice was at the top of the stairs, staring down into the room with her hands pressed to her temples. It was weird – like she was barred from entering somehow. â€Å"Give me a second, Carlisle,† Bella panted. â€Å"Bella,† the doctor said anxiously, â€Å"I heard something crack. I need to take a look.† â€Å"Pretty sure† – pant – â€Å"it was a rib. Ow. Yep. Right here.† She pointed to her left side, careful not to touch. It was breaking her bones now. â€Å"I need to take an X-ray. There might be splinters. We don't want it to puncture anything.† Bella took a deep breath. â€Å"Okay.† Rosalie lifted Bella carefully. Edward seemed like he was going to argue, but Rosalie bared her teeth at him and growled, â€Å"I've already got her.† So Bella was stronger now, but the thing was, too. You couldn't starve one without starving the other, and healing worked just the same. No way to win. Blondie carried Bella swiftly up the big staircase with Carlisle and Edward right on her heels, none of them taking any notice of me standing dumbstruck in the doorway. So they had a blood bank and an X-ray machine? Guess the doc brought his work home with him. I was too tired to follow them, too tired to move. I leaned back against the wall and then slid to the ground. The door was still open, and I pointed my nose toward it, grateful for the clean breeze blowing in. I leaned my head against the jamb and listened. I could hear the sound of the X-ray machinery upstairs. Or maybe I just assumed that's what it was. And then the lightest of footsteps coming down the stairs. I didn't look to see which vampire it was. â€Å"Do you want a pillow?† Alice asked me. â€Å"No,† I mumbled. What was with the pushy hospitality? It was creeping me out. â€Å"That doesn't look comfortable,† she observed. â€Å"S'not.† â€Å"Why don't you move, then?† â€Å"Tired. Why aren't you upstairs with the rest of them?† I shot back. â€Å"Headache,† she answered. I rolled my head around to look at her. Alice was a tiny little thing. ‘Bout the size of one of my arms. She looked even smaller now, sort of hunched in on herself. Her small face was pinched. â€Å"Vampires get headaches?† â€Å"Not the normal ones.† I snorted. Normal vampires. â€Å"So how come you're never with Bella anymore?† I asked, making the question an accusation. It hadn't occurred to me before, because my head had been full of other crap, but it was weird that Alice was never around Bella, not since I'd been here. Maybe if Alice were by her side, Rosalie wouldn't be. â€Å"Thought you two were like this.† I twisted two of my fingers together. â€Å"Like I said† – she curled up on the tile a few feet from me, wrapping her skinny arms around her skinny knees – â€Å"headache.† â€Å"Bella's giving you a headache?† â€Å"Yes.† I frowned. Pretty sure I was too tired for riddles. I let my head roll back around toward the fresh air and closed my eyes. â€Å"Not Bella, really,† she amended. â€Å"The†¦ fetus.† Ah, someone else who felt like I did. It was pretty easy to recognize. She said the word grudgingly, the way Edward did. â€Å"I can't see it,† she told me, though she might have been talking to herself. For all she knew, I was already gone. â€Å"I can't see anything about it. Just like you.† I flinched, and then my teeth ground together. I didn't like being compared to the creature. â€Å"Bella gets in the way. She's all wrapped around it, so she's†¦ blurry. Like bad reception on a TV – like trying to focus your eyes on those fuzzy people jerking around on the screen. It's killing my head to watch her. And I can't see more than a few minutes ahead, anyway. The†¦ fetus is too much a part of her future. When she first decided†¦ when she knew she wanted it, she blurred right out of my sight. Scared me to death.† She was quiet for a second, and then she added, â€Å"I have to admit, it's a relief having you close by – in spite of the wet-dog smell. Everything goes away. Like having my eyes closed. It numbs the headache.† â€Å"Happy to be of service, ma'am,† I mumbled. â€Å"I wonder what it has in common with you†¦ why you're the same that way.† Sudden heat flashed in the center of my bones. I clenched my fists to hold off the tremors. â€Å"I have nothing in common with that life-sucker,† I said through my teeth. â€Å"Well, there's something there.† I didn't answer. The heat was already burning away. I was too dead tired to stay furious. â€Å"You don't mind if I sit here by you, do you?† she asked. â€Å"Guess not. Stinks anyway.† â€Å"Thanks,† she said. â€Å"This is the best thing for it, I guess, since I can't take aspirin.† â€Å"Could you keep it down? Sleeping, here.† She didn't respond, immediately lapsing into silence. I was out in seconds. I was dreaming that I was really thirsty. And there was a big glass of water in front of me – all cold, you could see the condensation running down the sides. I grabbed the cup and took a huge gulp, only to find out pretty quick that it wasn't water – it was straight bleach. I choked it back out, spewing it everywhere, and a bunch of it blew out of my nose. It burned. My nose was on fire†¦. The pain in my nose woke me up enough to remember where I'd fallen asleep. The smell was pretty fierce, considering that my nose wasn't actually inside the house. Ugh. And it was noisy. Someone was laughing too loud. A familiar laugh, but one that didn't go with the smell. Didn't belong. I groaned and opened my eyes. The skies were dull gray – it was daytime, but no clue as to when. Maybe close to sunset – it was pretty dark. â€Å"About time,† Blondie mumbled from not too far away. â€Å"The chainsaw impersonation was getting a little tired.† I rolled over and wrenched myself into a sitting position. In the process, I figured out where the smell was coming from. Someone had stuffed a wide feather pillow under my face. Probably trying to be nice, I'd guess. Unless it'd been Rosalie. Once my face was out of the stinking feathers, I caught other scents. Like bacon and cinnamon, all mixed up with the vampire smell. I blinked, taking in the room. Things hadn't changed too much, except that now Bella was sitting up in the middle of the sofa, and the IV was gone. Blondie sat at her feet, her head resting against Bella's knees. Still gave me chills to see how casually they touched her, though I guess that was pretty brain-dead, all things considered. Edward was on one side of her, holding her hand. Alice was on the floor, too, like Rosalie. Her face wasn't pinched up now. And it was easy to see why – she'd found another painkiller. â€Å"Hey, Jake's coming around!† Seth crowed. He was sitting on Bella's other side, his arm slung carelessly over her shoulders, an overflowing plate of food on his lap. What the hell? â€Å"He came to find you,† Edward said while I got to my feet. â€Å"And Esme convinced him to stay for breakfast.† Seth took in my expression, and he hurried to explain. â€Å"Yeah, Jake – I was just checking to see if you were okay 'cause you didn't ever phase back. Leah got worried. I told her you probably just crashed human, but you know how she is. Anyway, they had all this food and, dang,† – he turned to Edward – â€Å"man, you can cook† â€Å"Thank you,† Edward murmured. I inhaled slowly, trying to unclench my teeth. I couldn't take my eyes off Seth's arm. â€Å"Bella got cold,† Edward said quietly. Right. None of my business, anyway. She didn't belong to me. Seth heard Edward's comment, looked at my face, and suddenly he needed both hands to eat with. He took his arm off Bella and dug in. i walked over to stand a few feet from the couch, still trying to get my bearings. â€Å"Leah running patrol?† I asked Seth. My voice was still thick with sleep. â€Å"Yeah,† he said as he chewed. Seth had new clothes on, too. They fit him better than mine fit me. â€Å"She's on it. No worries. She'll howl if there's anything. We traded off around midnight. I ran twelve hours.† He was proud of that, and it showed in his tone. â€Å"Midnight? Wait a minute – what time is it now?† â€Å"‘Bout dawn.† He glanced toward the window, checking. Well, damn. I'd slept through the rest of the day and the whole night – dropped the ball. â€Å"Crap. Sorry about that, Seth. Really. You shoulda kicked me awake.† â€Å"Naw, man, you needed some serious sleep. You haven't taken a break since when? Night before your last patrol for Sam? Like forty hours? Fifty? You're not a machine, Jake. ‘Sides, you didn't miss anything at all.† Nothing at all? I glanced quickly at Bella. Her color was back to the way I remembered it. Pale, but with the rose undertone. Her lips were pink again. Even her hair looked better – shinier. She saw me appraising and gave me a qrin. â€Å"How's the rib?† I asked. â€Å"Taped up nice and tight, i don't even feel it.'7 I rolled my eyes. I heard Edward grind his teeth together, and I figured her blow-it-off attitude bugged him as much at it bugged me. â€Å"What's for breakfast?† I asked, a little sarcastic. â€Å"O negative or AB positive?† She stuck her tongue out at me. Totally herself again. â€Å"Omelets,† she said, but her eyes darted down, and I saw that her cup of blood was wedged between her leg and Edward's. â€Å"Go get some breakfast, Jake,† Seth said. â€Å"There's a bunch in the kitchen. You've got to be empty.† I examined the food in his lap. Looked like half a cheese omelet and the last fourth of a Frisbee-sized cinnamon roll. My stomach growled, but I ignored it. â€Å"What's Leah having for breakfast?† I asked Seth critically. â€Å"Hey, I took food to her before I ate anything† he defended himself. â€Å"She said she'd rather eat roadkill, but I bet she caves. These cinnamon rolls†¦ † He seemed at a loss for words. ‘Til go hunt with her, then.† Seth sighed as I turned to leave. â€Å"A moment, Jacob?† It was Carlisle asking, so when I turned around again, my face was probably less disrespectful than it would have been if anyone else had stopped me. â€Å"Yeah?† Carlisle approached me while Esme drifted off toward the other room. He stopped a few feet away, just a little bit farther away than the normal space between two humans having a conversation. I appreciated him giving me my space. â€Å"Speaking of hunting,† he began in a somber tone. â€Å"That's going to be an issue for my family. I understand that our previous truce is inoperative at the moment, so I wanted your advice. Will Sam be hunting for us outside of the perimeter you've created? We don't want to take a chance with hurting any of your family – or losing any of ours. If you were in our shoes, how would you proceed?† I leaned away, a little surprised, when he threw it back at me like that. What would I know about being in a bloodsucker's expensive shoes? But, then again, I did know Sam. â€Å"It's a risk,† I said, trying to ignore the other eyes I felt on me and to talk only to him. â€Å"Sam's calmed down some, but I'm pretty sure that in his head, the treaty is void. As long as he thinks the tribe, or any other human, is in real danger, he's not going to ask questions first, if you know what I mean. But, with all that, his priority is going to be La Push. There really aren't enough of them to keep a decent watch on the people while putting out hunting parties big enough to do much damage. I'd bet he's keeping it close to home.† Carlisle nodded thoughtfully. â€Å"So I guess I'd say, go out together, just in case. And probably you should go in the day, 'cause we'd be expecting night. Traditional vampire stuff. You're fast – go over the mountains and hunt far enough away that there's no chance he'd send anyone that far from home.† â€Å"And leave Bella behind, unprotected?† I snorted. â€Å"What are we, chopped liver?† Carlisle laughed, and then his face was serious again. â€Å"Jacob, you can't fight against your brothers.† My eyes tightened. â€Å"I'm not saying it wouldn't be hard, but if they were really coming to kill her – I would be able to stop them.† Carlisle shook his head, anxious. â€Å"No, I didn't mean that you would be†¦ incapable. But that it would be very wrong. I can't have that on my conscience.† â€Å"It wouldn't be on yours, Doc. It would be on mine. And I can take it.† â€Å"No, Jacob. We will make sure that our actions don't make that a necessity.† He frowned thoughtfully â€Å"We'll go three at a time,† he decided after a second. â€Å"That's probably the best we can do.† â€Å"I don't know, Doc. Dividing down the middle isn't the best strategy.† â€Å"We've got some extra abilities that will even it up. If Edward is one of the three, he'll be able to give us a few miles' radius of safety.† We both glanced at Edward. His expression had Carlisle backtracking quickly. â€Å"I'm sure there are other ways, too,† Carlisle said. Clearly, there was no physical need strong enough to get Edward away from Bella now. â€Å"Alice, I would imagine you could see which routes would be a mistake?† â€Å"The ones that disappear,† Alice said, nodding. â€Å"Easy.† Edward, who had gone all tense with Carlisle's first plan, loosened up. Bella was staring unhappily at Alice, that little crease between her eyes that she got when she was stressed out. â€Å"Okay, then,† I said. â€Å"That's settled. I'll just be on my way. Seth, I'll expect you back on at dusk, so get a nap in there somewhere, all right?† â€Å"Sure, Jake. I'll phase back soon as I'm done. Unless †¦Ã¢â‚¬  he hesitated, looking at Bella. â€Å"Do you need me?† â€Å"She's got blankets,† I snapped at him. â€Å"I'm fine, Seth, thanks,† Bella said quickly. And then Esme flitted back in the room, a big covered dish in her hands. She stopped hesitantly just behind Carlisle's elbow, her wide, dark gold eyes on my face. She held the dish out and took a shy step closer. â€Å"Jacob,† she said quietly. Her voice wasn't quite so piercing as the others'. â€Å"I know it's†¦ unappetizing to you, the idea of eating here, where it smells so unpleasant. But I would feel much better if you would take some food with you when you go. I know you can't go home, and that's because of us. Please – ease some of my remorse. Take something to eat.† She held the food out to me, her face all soft and pleading. I don't know how she did it, because she didn't look older than her mid-twenties, and she was bone pale, too, but something about her expression suddenly reminded me of my mom. Jeez. â€Å"Uh, sure, sure,† I mumbled. â€Å"I guess. Maybe Leah's still hungry or something.† I reached out and took the food with one hand, holding it away, at arm's length. I'd go dump it under a tree or something. I didn't want her to feel bad. Then I remembered Edward. Don't you say anything to her! Let her think I ate it. I didn't look at him to see if he was in agreement. He'd better be in agreement. Bloodsucker owed me. â€Å"Thank you, Jacob,† Esme said, smiling at me. How did a stone face have dimples, for crying out loud? â€Å"Urn, thank you,† I said. My face felt hot – hotter than usual. This was the problem with hanging out with vampires – you got used to them. They started messing up the way you saw the world. They started feeling like friends. â€Å"Will you come back later, Jake?† Bella asked as I tried to make a run for it. â€Å"Uh, I don't know.† She pressed her lips together, like she was trying not to smile. â€Å"Please? I might get cold.† I inhaled deeply through my nose, and then realized, too late, that that was not a good idea. I winced. â€Å"Maybe.† â€Å"Jacob?† Esme asked. I backed toward the door as she continued; she took a few steps after me. â€Å"I left a basket of clothes on the porch. They're for Leah. They're freshly washed – I tried to touch them as little as possible.† She frowned. â€Å"Do you mind taking them to her?† â€Å"On it,† I muttered, and then I ducked out the door before anyone could guilt me into anything else.